Single cell sequence8/8/2023 ![]() ![]() The fundamental understanding of the subtle cellular and molecular landscapes in HCC remains elusive. These interact with one another to support HCC development and influence treatment responsiveness 2, 3. Importantly, HCC tumor is composed of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of cellular (tumor-infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells), chemical (chemokines), and physical components (extracellular matrix) 1. Various oncogenic genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic alterations accumulate in hepatocytes through a stepwise manner, affecting various signaling pathways to drive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This analysis of the immunosuppressive landscape and intercellular interactions provides mechanistic information for the design of efficacious immune-oncology treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of global molecular profiles reveals co-existence of intra-tumoral and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, but is more apparent in the latter. The cell state transition of immune cells towards a more immunosuppressive and exhaustive status exemplifies the overall cancer-promoting immunocellular landscape. We found that tumor-associated macrophages suppress tumor T cell infiltration and TIGIT-NECTIN2 interaction regulates the immunosuppressive environment. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to delineate the immune landscape and tumor heterogeneity in a cohort of patients with HBV-associated human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immune cells interact with the tumor cells to shape this process. Interaction between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is important in cancer development. ![]()
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